桌面应用自动化winappdriver关于winappdriver介绍WinAppDriver全称是Windows Application Driver，它提供了一些API，使得用户可以像selenium操作web一样来操作windows的应用程序它支持的系统是Windows 10(Home and Pro) 和Windows Server 2016源码暂未开源WinAppDriver可以独立运行，也可以作为appium的一个插件来使用支持应用类型

UWP– Universal Windows Platform, also known as Universal Apps or Modern Apps, It"s Microsoft’s latest desktop application technology. It"s XAML based. Only runs on Windows 10 machines

WPF- also XAML based, much more mature, runs on any Windows version and has been around since 2006.

(资料图片仅供参考)

WinForms -one of the older technologies, now found mostly on legacy applications.

WPF和WinForms 是两套界面渲染方式。一个是对传统windows界面元素的封装，通过gdi绘制。另一个是全新的dx渲染绘制的界面，也脱离了对传统windows控件的依赖，没有历史包袱，理论上可以展现更炫酷的界面。

MFC/Classic Windows -MFC is a UI library normally paired with Win32 applications. This option is normally chosen when more efficiency is needed with low-level C++ handling or when supporting non-Microsoft platforms.

资源

素材	地址	说明
FlaUInspect	https://github.com/FlaUI/FlaUInspect/releases	定位工具
WinAppDriver	https://github.com/microsoft/WinAppDriver/releases/tag/v1.2.1
UIRecorder	https://github.com/microsoft/WinAppDriver/tree/master/Tools/UIRecorder	定位工具
inspect	微软官方工具集成于 Windows SDK	定位工具

UIRecorder(下文不涉及,仅供参考与备忘)

Open WinAppDriverUIRecorder.slnin Visual StudioSelect Debug> Start Debuggingor simply Run

支持的定位方式

Client API	Locator Strategy	Matched Attribute in inspect.exe	Example
FindElementByAccessibilityId	accessibility id	AutomationId	AppNameTitle
FindElementByClassName	class name	ClassName	TextBlock
FindElementById	id	RuntimeId (decimal)	42.333896.3.1
FindElementByName	name	Name	Calculator
FindElementByTagName	tag name	LocalizedControlType (upper camel case)	Text
FindElementByXPath	xpath	Any	//Button[0]

配置开启windows的开发者模式你没看错，不是手机，windows也有第一步：搜开发者设置第二步：打开开发人员模式第三步：确认启用启动winappdriver

不开启开发人员模式的提示

C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Application Driver>WinAppDriver.exeDeveloper mode is not enabled. Enable it through Settings and restart Windows Application DriverFailed to initialize: 0x80004005

开启后启动winappdriver

C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Application Driver>WinAppDriver.exeWindows Application Driver listening for requests at: http://127.0.0.1:4723/Press ENTER to exit.

还可以这样启动

WinAppDriver.exe 4727WinAppDriver.exe 10.0.0.10 4725WinAppDriver.exe 10.0.0.10 4723/wd/hub   # 推荐

实例

appium-python-client 版本不要用2.0+，此处是1.2.0

记事本

比如记事本

from appium import webdriverdes_cap = {}des_cap["app"] = r"C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe"driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor="http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub",                          desired_capabilities=des_cap)driver.implicitly_wait(5)driver.find_element_by_name("文件(F)").click()from time import sleepsleep(2)driver.find_element_by_name("保存(S)Ctrl+S").click()# driver.find_element_by_name("退出(X)").click()sleep(1)import pyautoguipyautogui.PAUSE = 0.5pyautogui.typewrite(r"D:\hello.txt")pyautogui.press("enter")

这里的难点是保存(S)Ctrl+S的获取

这里需要用到inspect.exe

计算器你可能会写这样的代码

from appium import webdriverdes_cap = {}des_cap["app"] = r"C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe"driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor="http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub",                          desired_capabilities=des_cap)driver.implicitly_wait(5)

但会报错

Traceback (most recent call last):  File "D:/demo_calc.py", line 5, in     desired_capabilities=des_cap)  File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\appium\webdriver\webdriver.py", line 157, in __init__    AppiumConnection(command_executor, keep_alive=keep_alive), desired_capabilities, browser_profile, proxy  File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 157, in __init__    self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)  File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\appium\webdriver\webdriver.py", line 226, in start_session    response = self.execute(RemoteCommand.NEW_SESSION, parameters)  File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 321, in execute    self.error_handler.check_response(response)  File "D:\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Failed to locate opened application window with appId: C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe, and processId: 4472进程已结束，退出代码为 1

打开计算器，然后在powershell中执行如下命令

Get-StartApps |Select-String "计算器"# 输出@{Name=计算器; AppID=Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App} # 你要的是这里的AppID

代码

from appium import webdriverdes_cap = {}des_cap["app"] = r"Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App"driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor="http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub",                          desired_capabilities=des_cap)driver.implicitly_wait(5)driver.find_element_by_name("一").click()driver.find_element_by_name("二").click()driver.find_element_by_name("加").click()driver.find_element_by_name("三").click()driver.find_element_by_name("四").click()driver.find_element_by_name("等于").click()# 通过inspect 获取 automationID print(driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("CalculatorResults").text) # 得到的是   ·显示为 46·  你仍然要处理才能做测试driver.quit()

计算器测试(官网)

我没跑，仅供参考，你可以认为是为了增加篇幅

# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/microsoft/WinAppDriver/master/Samples/Python/calculatortest.pyimport unittestfrom appium import webdriverclass SimpleCalculatorTests(unittest.TestCase):    @classmethod    def setUpClass(self):        #set up appium        desired_caps = {}        desired_caps["app"] = "Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App"        self.driver = webdriver.Remote(            command_executor="http://127.0.0.1:4723",            desired_capabilities= desired_caps)    @classmethod    def tearDownClass(self):        self.driver.quit()    def getresults(self):        displaytext = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("CalculatorResults").text        displaytext = displaytext.strip("Display is " )        displaytext = displaytext.rstrip(" ")        displaytext = displaytext.lstrip(" ")        return displaytext    def test_initialize(self):        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Clear").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Seven").click()        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"7")        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Clear").click()    def test_addition(self):        self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Plus").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Seven").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"8")    def test_combination(self):        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Seven").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Multiply by").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Nine").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Plus").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Divide by").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Eight").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"8")    def test_division(self):        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Eight").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Eight").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Divide by").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"8")    def test_multiplication(self):        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Nine").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Multiply by").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Nine").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"81")     def test_subtraction(self):        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Nine").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Minus").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("One").click()        self.driver.find_element_by_name("Equals").click()        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(),"8")if __name__ == "__main__":    suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(SimpleCalculatorTests)    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)